Experts from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) are drawing attention to a risk that has so far been insufficiently explored: the possibility that food loss and waste may contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A recently published study provides an overview of how discarded food can become a favorable environment for the survival and dissemination of bacteria and genes resistant to existing antimicrobial treatments.
The Link Between Food Waste and Antimicrobial Resistance
Food loss and waste represent a major challenge for global food systems, affecting the environment, the economy, and food security. Beyond these well-known impacts, FAO experts emphasize that food waste can serve as a reservoir for drug-resistant microorganisms, offering favorable conditions for their growth and transmission.
When food is discarded in landfills or unmanaged disposal sites, it may increase the risk of spreading these microorganisms and their resistance genes. This makes food waste a critical component that must be considered in AMR monitoring and management strategies.
Key Findings from the FAO Analysis
- Food waste can provide a conducive environment for resistant bacteria: Uneaten or spoiled food offers nutrients and ideal conditions for the development of bacteria, including those resistant to antimicrobial treatments.
- Presence of resistance genes in discarded organic matter: Research shows high levels of antibiotic resistance genes in food waste, sometimes even higher than those found in sewage sludge or animal manure.
- Inadequate processing may worsen the problem: Even environmentally friendly methods such as composting may require optimization to prevent the proliferation of resistance when applied without strict control.
- Significant sectoral impact: Agriculture—particularly livestock production—remains a major contributor to antibiotic use, mechanically encouraging the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Why It Is Important to Include Food Waste in AMR Strategies
So far, global discussions on antimicrobial resistance have primarily focused on antibiotic use in human medicine and animal husbandry. FAO’s analysis provides an important argument: food loss and waste should be viewed not only as environmental and nutritional issues, but also as potential vectors for public health challenges related to AMR.
Following the principles of the One Health approach—which connects human, animal, and environmental health—FAO experts highlight the need for coordinated action that both reduces food waste and strengthens global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Key Messages for Policymakers and the Public
- Integrating food loss and waste into AMR monitoring strategies is essential for a comprehensive approach.
- Food waste management practices must be improved, including treatments that reduce resistance genes before composting or disposal.
- Reducing food waste is not only a sustainability goal, but also a measure to protect public health.
Conclusion
Food waste represents a hidden vulnerability in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Recognizing and managing this emerging risk could be a strategic step toward protecting the effectiveness of medicines and strengthening global food and health systems.
Complete article on FAO.