An Invisible Substance in Our Food Products
Recently, an investigation conducted by France Bleu and echoed by specialized publications highlighted the presence of hexane residues, a petroleum-derived solvent used in the food industry, in vegetable oils and other common products. Hexane, frequently used in the extraction of oil from seeds (such as soy, rapeseed, and sunflower), is considered a “processing aid” and therefore does not appear on labels, remaining invisible to the consumer.
Reasons for Concern
The toxic component of hexane, n-hexane, is recognized as a neurotoxin, responsible for cases of peripheral neuropathy among occupationally exposed workers. Animal studies also suggest possible effects on the reproductive and endocrine systems. Although the levels detected in food are considered low, the concern lies in chronic long-term exposure—especially for vulnerable groups.
Current Regulations and Calls for Reassessment
In the European Union, Directive 2009/32 sets a maximum residue limit (MRL) of 1 mg/kg for hexane in vegetable oils. However, the most recent evaluations by EFSA date back to the 1990s, and a 2024 report highlights the need for updated data on residues and exposure.
In France, Member of Parliament Richard Ramos has proposed labeling products that use hexane and suspending its use where it could pose risks to vulnerable consumers.
The Search for Alternatives
Specialized studies have examined alternatives such as 2-methyloxolane, ethanol, or ethyl acetate—promising solutions from both a toxicological and ecological standpoint. However, these alternatives involve trade-offs in terms of cost, efficiency, and adaptation of industrial equipment.
A recent review by Cravotto et al. (2022) notes that n-hexane remains the most efficient and economical solution, but emphasizes the absence of a tolerable daily intake (TDI) and the risks associated with “invisible” exposure to this compound.
Challenges and Future Directions
Insufficient data on actual residues in refined food products, requiring more sensitive and up-to-date studies.
Limited toxicological research, particularly regarding long-term effects and on vulnerable populations, based on outdated data.
Choosing alternatives must strike a balance between industrial efficiency, consumer safety, and environmental impact.
Conclusion: Transparency and Oversight
The French investigation sheds light on the fact that while hexane is authorized, it may pose serious potential implications for public health and the environment. The call for thorough reassessments and transparent labeling is gaining momentum, with EFSA and national legislation expected to shape the future course of action.
Source: AFFIDIA JOURNAL .