A new report published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) confirms that plastic materials used in contact with food — such as packaging, bottles, cutlery, and films — can release microplastics and nanoplastics into food.
The EFSA analysis included more than 1,700 scientific studies conducted between 2015 and 2025, of which 122 were considered relevant for risk assessment. The results show that the release of microplastics occurs through mechanical wear, heat, abrasion, or chemical degradation of food-grade polymers.
However, EFSA emphasizes that there are major uncertainties regarding the actual amount of particles ingested and their effects on human health. In many studies, the identified particles may come from external contamination, which makes it difficult to accurately assess the risk.
The European authority calls for standardized research and a common methodology for measuring microplastics in food. The report also recommends stricter testing of food contact materials (FCM) before they are placed on the market.
The general conclusion is that microplastics are already present in the food chain, and plastic packaging and utensils represent an important source. Nevertheless, the level of risk for consumers cannot yet be precisely assessed.
Source: AFFIDIA JOURNAL